Pectinolytic enzymes from actinomycetes for the degumming of. Bast fibres processing university of the arts london. A bast fiber comes from a plant and is usually inside the inner bark of the stems. Bast fibre bundles are often several feet long and composed of overlapping cellulose fibres and a cohesive gum, or pectin, which strengthens the stem of the plant. Biorefiner mechanical pulping of bast type fibers harmohinder s. Its a cellulose fiber, similar to cotton, so it doesnt have any elasticity or memory like most animal protein fibers. The cloth from these fibers becomes softer and more beautiful with age. Any of various durable fibers found in the phloem of certain plants, especially flax, hemp, and jute, used in making rope and baskets. Bast and other plant fibres, a title in woodhead publishings series on fibres published in association with the textile institute, uk, is the first book in over 50 years to cover the most interesting plant fibres and those with high annual production. Flax fibers are made into linen textiles which are soft, lustrous and very waterabsorbent. Fibers can be extracted from the stem and the branches of okra plant abelmoschus esculentus l. Bast fibers are produced from renewable agricultural crops grown with no pesticides and little or no herbicides.
Their major function is to provide strength to the long 1 m and thin 2 mm flax stem. Bast fiber definition of bast fiber by merriamwebster. Surface modification of bastbased natural fibers through. The scanning electron microscopy sem was used to examine the surface morphology of the initreated fibers showing that the caco 3 nanoparticle crystals grew onto the fiber surface. Bast fiber plants are grown primarily for their fiber content. Key stages of fiber development as determinants of bast fiber. Bast fibre, chemical compositions, technical properties, technical. The actual fibres are located between the epidermis, or bark surface, and an inner woody core. Steps in processing bast fibers sues science and history. They are long bast fibers and the short core fibers. Bast fibers is a prominent reinforcement for use in polymeric materials because of its low specific weight and cost, ecofriendly and abundantly available in nature. Natural fibres are gaining more and more interest as reinforcing materials for polymer composite due to their environmental and economical benefits.
Using transmitted light microscopy, bast fibers are identified by their prominent nodes, and long fibers. Bast fibers and products derived from them are undergoing a resurgence in demand in the global market. Flax bast fiber cells are an ideal example of sclerenchyma fibers, with extraordinary cell wall thickness and length. Linen fiber is damaged by highly densified acids but low dense acids does not affect if it is wash instantly after. Thus, there is a high demand for effective control and prevention strategies against fungal pathogens. Bast and leaf fiber textiles august 26, 2007 to december 30, 2007. Bast fibres are processed for use in carpet, yarn, rope, geotextile netting or matting, traditional carpets, hessian or burlap, paper, sacks, etc.
However, fungal diseases have become an important factor limiting their yield and quality, causing devastating consequences for the production of bast fiber crops in many parts of the world. Bast fibers can reduce cost, reduce weight, reduce manufacturing time, and improve safety. Kenaf is an annual plant composed of bast and core 2. This article belongs to the special issue plant bast fibers. Effect of hybridization of glasskevlar fiber on mechanical. To develop approaches for the improvement of yield and quality of bast fibers, the knowledge of the fiber developmental stages and of the key molecular players that are responsible for a certain parameter, are vitally important. Documents and settingsownermy documentscute site web. Bast fiber definition of bast fiber by the free dictionary.
Bast fibre, soft, woody fibre obtained from stems of dicotyledonous plants flowering plants with netveined leaves and used for textiles and cordage. Flax is grown both for its seeds and for its fibers. Mar 25, 2010 other bast fibers include hemp, ramie and some bamboo. Bast fibers have been used for thousands of years, before petrochemical fibers were developed and pushed them aside. There are a number of ways that one can ret fiber plants pond, stream, field also called dew retting, and snow retting are the nonmodern non chemical methods used most often. The plants used for the production of bast fibers include herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees of dicotyledons such as flax, hemp, sunn, kenaf, jute, ramie, papermulberry, mitsumata, and gampi. Key stages of fiber development as determinants of bast. It is such a desirable commodity that textiles in a linenweave texture, even when made of nettles, hemp, jute, kenaf, bamboo and other nonflax fibers are also often loosely referred to.
Bast fibre grabs global licensing deal with megatp maker georgiapacific. In a world awash in a global trade of industrially produced cottons and synthetic fabrics, it is easy to forget that all of the cloth needed in any community once had to be woven by hand and that much of it was made from bast or leaf fibers. Fibers serve mostly mechanical sup 1 the article is published in the original. Linen fiber propertiescharacteristics of linen fiber. Bast fiber definition is a strong woody fiber obtained chiefly from the phloem of plants and used especially in cordage, matting, and fabrics.
Retting is the process of allowing microbes, or in the modern day chemicals, to digest the fibers away from the stalk of the plant. Bast fibers and sometimes the associated xylem tissue constitute the main source of stem fibers. Chemical properties of the linen fiber are given below. Bast fibre is plant fibre collected from the phloem or bast surrounding the stem of certain. Jute and hemp are coarse and brownish, and contain ten to fifteen percent lignin. View of fundamental biology, kazan, russia, may 2831, 2009. Therefore, some properties of the bast fabers related to these aspects become important. Pdf bast fibres are defined as those obtained from the outer cell layers of the. Linen is a natural cellulosic fiber and it has some chemical properties. Bast fibre, soft, woody fibre obtained from stems of dicotyledonous plants. Bast fibre grabs global licensing deal with megatp maker georgia. Asiapacific hemp fiber market analysis 20122017 and forecast 20182023.
Pdf biology of industrial bast fibers with reference to quality. Pdf okra bast fibers as potential reinforcement elements. Mar 02, 2017 seed hair cotton, leaf fiber sisal and abaca, stalk fibers straws of wheat, and skin fibers banana and bast fibers ramie, jute, grewia optiva and flax are the main categories of the plant natural fibers while wool, hair and silk animal proteins are used by researchers for synthesizing fibers from animal. Plant fibers find wide application in various fields that demand specific parameters of fiber quality. In case of textiles, bast fibers play significant role in producing natural products that are extracted from the stem of various plant and environment.
Actinomycetes isolated from 10 different soil and compost samples were screened for production of pectinolytic enzyme activities when grown on pectincontaining solid and liquid media. Flax fiber is extracted from the bast or skin of the stem of the flax plant. The objective of this study was to investigate an inorganic nanoparticle impregnation ini technique to improve the compatibility between kenaf bast fibers and polyolefin matrices. The history of the plants and fiber is both interesting and filled with folklore and romance. F reux and i verpoest editors, flax and hemp fibres. John summerscales virtual book on bast fibres and their composites. Bast fibres such as linen, which is the most costly and luxurious within this category, are valued for their exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather. The following kinds of bast fibers are distinguished.
Flax and ramie are fine and white, and are mainly cellulose. Retting rotting is the microbial decomposition of the pectins which bind the fibers to the woody inner core of the plant stem. Snapshot hemp is traditionally known as a fiber plant, and two kinds of fibers are derived from the hemp plant. Bast fibres are also used in the nonwoven, moulding, and composite technology industries for the manufacturing of nonwoven mats and carpets, composite boards as furniture materials, automobile door panels and headliners, etc. Following the editors introductory chapter, which includes a comprehensive set of tables comparing the physical and chemical. Kenaf bast fiber has attracted a great deal of attention for its lignin characteristics. This composition provides a desirable blend for many pulp and paper applications, spurring continued interest and development, schroeter, 1994.
Natural bast fibers growing and processing natural renewable bast fibers for natural fiber composites second annual automotive composites conference sponsored by the automotive and composites divisions of the society of plastics engineers troy, michigan september 12th and th, 2002 by hugh s. Pulp and paper from kenaf bast fibers article pdf available in fibers and polymers 71. In this paper, the properties of bast fibers, including fiber length, fineness, tenacity, softness were tested and evaluated to determine which is better for developing fabrics pleased by the consumers by using optimal design theory. Industrial bast fibers obtained by primary treatment of bast plants are widely used in the textile industry to manufacture yarn. R r franck editor, bast and other plant fibres, woodhead publishing. Bast fibers article about bast fibers by the free dictionary. Flax bast fibers have been shown to be a useful model system for fundamental study of plant cell growth and cell wall formation. Bast fibres properties university of the arts london. Since antiquity, bast fibers have been obtained by retting and breaking the stem. Such fibres, usually characterized by fineness and flexibility, are also known as soft fibres, distinguishing them from the coarser, less.
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