The plants used for the production of bast fibers include herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees of dicotyledons such as flax, hemp, sunn, kenaf, jute, ramie, papermulberry, mitsumata, and gampi. Bast fibres such as linen, which is the most costly and luxurious within this category, are valued for their exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather. Fibers serve mostly mechanical sup 1 the article is published in the original. View of fundamental biology, kazan, russia, may 2831, 2009.
Linen fiber propertiescharacteristics of linen fiber. Bast and leaf fiber textiles august 26, 2007 to december 30, 2007. There are a number of ways that one can ret fiber plants pond, stream, field also called dew retting, and snow retting are the nonmodern non chemical methods used most often. Flax bast fibers have been shown to be a useful model system for fundamental study of plant cell growth and cell wall formation. However, fungal diseases have become an important factor limiting their yield and quality, causing devastating consequences for the production of bast fiber crops in many parts of the world. Pulp and paper from kenaf bast fibers article pdf available in fibers and polymers 71. Bast fibers is a prominent reinforcement for use in polymeric materials because of its low specific weight and cost, ecofriendly and abundantly available in nature. Since antiquity, bast fibers have been obtained by retting and breaking the stem. Bast fibers are produced from renewable agricultural crops grown with no pesticides and little or no herbicides. Bast fibres properties university of the arts london. Natural fibres are gaining more and more interest as reinforcing materials for polymer composite due to their environmental and economical benefits. Using transmitted light microscopy, bast fibers are identified by their prominent nodes, and long fibers.
Bast fibers and products derived from them are undergoing a resurgence in demand in the global market. Actinomycetes isolated from 10 different soil and compost samples were screened for production of pectinolytic enzyme activities when grown on pectincontaining solid and liquid media. Bast fibre, soft, woody fibre obtained from stems of dicotyledonous plants flowering plants with netveined leaves and used for textiles and cordage. R r franck editor, bast and other plant fibres, woodhead publishing. Key stages of fiber development as determinants of bast. Flax bast fiber cells are an ideal example of sclerenchyma fibers, with extraordinary cell wall thickness and length. Plant fibers find wide application in various fields that demand specific parameters of fiber quality. John summerscales virtual book on bast fibres and their composites. To develop approaches for the improvement of yield and quality of bast fibers, the knowledge of the fiber developmental stages and of the key molecular players that are responsible for a certain parameter, are vitally important. The following kinds of bast fibers are distinguished. Natural bast fibers growing and processing natural renewable bast fibers for natural fiber composites second annual automotive composites conference sponsored by the automotive and composites divisions of the society of plastics engineers troy, michigan september 12th and th, 2002 by hugh s. Thus, there is a high demand for effective control and prevention strategies against fungal pathogens.
Bast fiber definition of bast fiber by merriamwebster. Any of various durable fibers found in the phloem of certain plants, especially flax, hemp, and jute, used in making rope and baskets. Steps in processing bast fibers sues science and history. Bast fibre is plant fibre collected from the phloem or bast surrounding the stem of certain.
Bast fibres processing university of the arts london. The objective of this study was to investigate an inorganic nanoparticle impregnation ini technique to improve the compatibility between kenaf bast fibers and polyolefin matrices. Mar 25, 2010 other bast fibers include hemp, ramie and some bamboo. Fibers can be extracted from the stem and the branches of okra plant abelmoschus esculentus l. Effect of hybridization of glasskevlar fiber on mechanical. This composition provides a desirable blend for many pulp and paper applications, spurring continued interest and development, schroeter, 1994. Dec 22, 2011 the extraxylary fibers are sometimes combined into a group termed as bast fibers, such as kenaf hibiscus cannabinus bast fiber. Bast fibres are also used in the nonwoven, moulding, and composite technology industries for the manufacturing of nonwoven mats and carpets, composite boards as furniture materials, automobile door panels and headliners, etc. Following the editors introductory chapter, which includes a comprehensive set of tables comparing the physical and chemical. Pdf bast fibres are defined as those obtained from the outer cell layers of the. This article belongs to the special issue plant bast fibers.
Surface modification of bastbased natural fibers through. Mar 02, 2017 seed hair cotton, leaf fiber sisal and abaca, stalk fibers straws of wheat, and skin fibers banana and bast fibers ramie, jute, grewia optiva and flax are the main categories of the plant natural fibers while wool, hair and silk animal proteins are used by researchers for synthesizing fibers from animal. Bast fibers and sometimes the associated xylem tissue constitute the main source of stem fibers. In this paper, the properties of bast fibers, including fiber length, fineness, tenacity, softness were tested and evaluated to determine which is better for developing fabrics pleased by the consumers by using optimal design theory. Documents and settingsownermy documentscute site web. F reux and i verpoest editors, flax and hemp fibres. The history of the plants and fiber is both interesting and filled with folklore and romance. Kenaf bast fiber has attracted a great deal of attention for its lignin characteristics. Flax and ramie are fine and white, and are mainly cellulose.
Asiapacific hemp fiber market analysis 20122017 and forecast 20182023. Bast fibre, chemical compositions, technical properties, technical. Bast and other plant fibres, a title in woodhead publishings series on fibres published in association with the textile institute, uk, is the first book in over 50 years to cover the most interesting plant fibres and those with high annual production. Bast fibers have been used for thousands of years, before petrochemical fibers were developed and pushed them aside.
A bast fiber comes from a plant and is usually inside the inner bark of the stems. The cloth from these fibers becomes softer and more beautiful with age. In a world awash in a global trade of industrially produced cottons and synthetic fabrics, it is easy to forget that all of the cloth needed in any community once had to be woven by hand and that much of it was made from bast or leaf fibers. Such fibres, usually characterized by fineness and flexibility, are also known as soft fibres, distinguishing them from the coarser, less. Kenaf is an annual plant composed of bast and core 2. The actual fibres are located between the epidermis, or bark surface, and an inner woody core. Bast fibre grabs global licensing deal with megatp maker georgia. Industrial bast fibers obtained by primary treatment of bast plants are widely used in the textile industry to manufacture yarn. Its a cellulose fiber, similar to cotton, so it doesnt have any elasticity or memory like most animal protein fibers. Bast fiber definition of bast fiber by the free dictionary. Key stages of fiber development as determinants of bast fiber. Jute and hemp are coarse and brownish, and contain ten to fifteen percent lignin. Bast fiber plants are grown primarily for their fiber content.
Retting rotting is the microbial decomposition of the pectins which bind the fibers to the woody inner core of the plant stem. Linen fiber is damaged by highly densified acids but low dense acids does not affect if it is wash instantly after. Chemical properties of the linen fiber are given below. Bast fibre, soft, woody fibre obtained from stems of dicotyledonous plants. Flax is grown both for its seeds and for its fibers. In case of textiles, bast fibers play significant role in producing natural products that are extracted from the stem of various plant and environment. Bast fibers article about bast fibers by the free dictionary. In todays digest, how bast fibre uses the seeds of dicotyledon plants a family of plants containing bast fibres hemp, flax, jute. Bast fibres are processed for use in carpet, yarn, rope, geotextile netting or matting, traditional carpets, hessian or burlap, paper, sacks, etc.
Pdf biology of industrial bast fibers with reference to quality. Flax fiber is extracted from the bast or skin of the stem of the flax plant. Bast fiber definition is a strong woody fiber obtained chiefly from the phloem of plants and used especially in cordage, matting, and fabrics. Flax fibers are made into linen textiles which are soft, lustrous and very waterabsorbent. Bast fibers can reduce cost, reduce weight, reduce manufacturing time, and improve safety. The scanning electron microscopy sem was used to examine the surface morphology of the initreated fibers showing that the caco 3 nanoparticle crystals grew onto the fiber surface. Snapshot hemp is traditionally known as a fiber plant, and two kinds of fibers are derived from the hemp plant. They are long bast fibers and the short core fibers. Pectinolytic enzymes from actinomycetes for the degumming of. It is such a desirable commodity that textiles in a linenweave texture, even when made of nettles, hemp, jute, kenaf, bamboo and other nonflax fibers are also often loosely referred to. Biorefiner mechanical pulping of bast type fibers harmohinder s. Bast fibre grabs global licensing deal with megatp maker georgiapacific.
Their major function is to provide strength to the long 1 m and thin 2 mm flax stem. Retting is the process of allowing microbes, or in the modern day chemicals, to digest the fibers away from the stalk of the plant. Pdf okra bast fibers as potential reinforcement elements. Pectinolytic enzymes, detected by using plate diffusion tests with a medium containing ramie boehmeria nivea plant material as the sole carbon source, were mainly pectate lyases, but low activities of.
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